Change log: page 9
New topics, content updates, published corrections, syllabus checks and new versions of the privacy policy and terms, newest first. Typo fixes are not listed: they do not change what a page teaches.
2092 changes Latest 2 Nov 2026
Page 9 of 11 · 200 changes on this page
November 2026
38 new topics in Chemistry
Solutions
Concentration of solutions Solubility Vapour pressure of solutions Ideal and non-ideal solutions Colligative properties Abnormal molar masses
Electrochemistry
Electrochemical cells Galvanic cells Nernst equation Conductance of electrolytic solutions Electrolytic cells and electrolysis Batteries Fuel cells Corrosion
Chemical Kinetics
Rate of a chemical reaction Factors influencing rate Experiment: iodide and hydrogen peroxide Integrated rate equations Temperature dependence of rate Collision theory
The p-Block Elements
Group 13 elements Group 14 elements Group 15 elements Group 16 elements Group 17 elements Group 18 elements
The d- and f-Block Elements
Position in the periodic table Electronic configurations Occurrence General properties Important compounds Experiment: KMnO₄ titrations Lanthanoids Actinoids Applications
Coordination Compounds
5 new topics in Mathematics
Relations and Functions (Class 12)
Types of relations Types of functions Composition and inverse
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
69 new topics in Physics
Electric Charges and Fields
Electric charge Conductors and insulators Basic properties of electric charge Coulomb’s law Forces between multiple charges Electric field Electric field lines Electric flux Electric dipole Dipole in a uniform field Continuous charge distribution Gauss’s law Applications of Gauss’s law
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Electrostatic potential energy Electrostatic potential Potential due to a point charge Potential due to a dipole Potential due to a system of charges Equipotential surfaces Potential energy of a system of charges Potential energy in an external field Electrostatics of conductors Dielectrics and polarisation Capacitors and capacitance The parallel plate capacitor Effect of a dielectric on capacitance Combination of capacitors Energy stored in a capacitor
Current Electricity
Electric current Electric currents in conductors Ohm’s law Experiment: resistance using Ohm’s law Drift of electrons Limitations of Ohm’s law Resistivity of various materials Temperature dependence of resistivity Electrical energy and power Combination of resistors Cells, emf and internal resistance Cells in series and in parallel Kirchhoff’s rules Wheatstone bridge Metre bridge
Moving Charges and Magnetism
Magnetic force Motion in a magnetic field Biot–Savart law Field on the axis of a loop Ampere’s circuital law The solenoid Force between parallel currents Torque on a current loop Moving coil galvanometer Experiment: galvanometer resistance
Magnetism and Matter
The bar magnet Gauss’s law for magnetism Magnetisation and magnetic intensity Magnetic properties of materials
Electromagnetic Induction
Experiments of Faraday and Henry Magnetic flux Faraday’s law of induction Lenz’s law Motional emf Eddy currents Inductance AC generator
Alternating Current
AC voltage applied to a resistor Phasors AC voltage applied to an inductor AC voltage applied to a capacitor
34 new topics in Biology
Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Respiratory organs Mechanism of breathing Exchange of gases Transport of gases Regulation of respiration Disorders of respiratory system
Body Fluids and Circulation
Blood Lymph (tissue fluid) Circulatory pathways Double circulation Regulation of cardiac activity Disorders of the circulatory system
Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Modes of excretion Human excretory system Urine formation Functions of the tubules Counter current mechanism Regulation of kidney function Micturition Other organs in excretion Disorders of the excretory system
Locomotion and Movement
Types of movement Muscle and muscle contraction Skeletal system Joints Disorders of muscles and bones
Neural Control and Coordination
Neural system and coordination Human neural system Neuron and the nerve impulse Central neural system: the brain
Chemical Coordination and Integration
Endocrine glands and hormones Human endocrine system Hormones of heart, kidney and gut Mechanism of hormone action
October 2026
54 new topics in Biology
The Living World
What is living? Diversity in the living world Taxonomic categories
Biological Classification
Five kingdom classification Kingdom Monera Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Viruses, viroids, prions and lichens
Plant Kingdom
Algae Bryophytes Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Animal Kingdom
Basis of classification Classification of animals
Morphology of Flowering Plants
The root Modifications of root The stem Modifications of stem The leaf Modifications of leaf Inflorescence The flower The fruit The seed Semi-technical description Family Solanaceae Family Malvaceae Family Cruciferae Family Leguminosae Family Compositae Family Gramineae
Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Plant tissues Tissue systems Dicot and monocot anatomy
Structural Organisation in Animals
Animal tissues Organs and organ systems Frog
Cell: The Unit of Life
What is a cell? Cell theory Overview of the cell Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells
Biomolecules
Chemical composition Primary and secondary metabolites Biomacromolecules Proteins Polysaccharides Nucleic acids Structure of proteins Enzymes