Change log: page 10

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Mitosis (M phase) Significance of mitosis Meiosis Significance of meiosis

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

What photosynthesis needs Early experiments Site of photosynthesis Photosynthetic pigments Light reaction Electron transport Calvin cycle C₄ pathway Photorespiration Factors affecting photosynthesis

Respiration in Plants

Do plants breathe? Glycolysis Fermentation Aerobic respiration The respiratory balance sheet Amphibolic pathway Respiratory quotient

Plant Growth and Development

Seed germination Growth Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation Development Plant growth regulators

Sequences and Series

Sequences Series Arithmetic progression Geometric progression A.M. and G.M.

Straight Lines

Coordinate geometry basics Locus Slope of a line Forms of the equation of a line Distance of a point from a line Intersection of lines and triangle centres

Conic Sections

Sections of a cone Circle Circle: diameter form and a line Parabola Ellipse Hyperbola

Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry

Coordinate axes and planes Coordinates of a point in space Distance between two points Section formula in 3D

Limits and Derivatives

Intuitive idea of derivatives Limits Limits of trigonometric functions Derivatives

Statistics

Mean, median and mode Mode Measures of dispersion Range Mean deviation Variance and SD

Probability

Events Axiomatic probability

Permutations and Combinations

Fundamental principle of counting Permutations Combinations

Binomial Theorem

Binomial theorem General and middle terms

Relations and Functions

Cartesian product Relations Functions

Trigonometric Functions

Angles Trigonometric functions Sum and difference formulas

Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Complex numbers Algebra of complex numbers Modulus and conjugate The Argand plane Argument and polar form Quadratic equations

Linear Inequalities

Inequalities Solving linear inequalities

Equilibrium

Equilibrium in physical processes Dynamic equilibrium in chemical processes Law of chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant Homogeneous equilibria Heterogeneous equilibria Applications of equilibrium constants Equilibrium constant, reaction quotient and Gibbs energy Factors affecting equilibria Ionic equilibrium in solution Acids, bases and salts Ionization of acids and bases Experiment: acid-base titration with an indicator Buffer solutions Solubility equilibria of sparingly soluble salts

Redox Reactions

Classical idea of oxidation and reduction Redox reactions as electron transfer Oxidation number Redox reactions and electrode processes

Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques

General introduction to organic chemistry Tetravalence of carbon and shapes Structural representations Classification of organic compounds IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds Isomerism Organic reaction mechanism Purification of organic compounds Qualitative analysis of organic compounds Quantitative analysis

Hydrocarbons

Classification of hydrocarbons Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Aromatic hydrocarbons Carcinogenicity and toxicity

Sets

Sets and their representations The empty set Finite and infinite sets Equal sets Subsets Power set Universal set Venn diagrams Operations on sets Complement of a set

Units and Measurement

SI units Significant figures Errors in measurement Least count: vernier callipers and screw gauge Dimensions of physical quantities Dimensional formulae and equations Dimensional analysis

Motion in a Straight Line

Frame of reference and displacement Velocity and speed Acceleration Equations of motion Relative velocity

Motion in a Plane

Scalars and vectors Multiplying a vector by a number Adding vectors graphically Resolution of vectors Adding vectors by components Position, velocity and acceleration in a plane Constant acceleration in a plane Projectile motion Uniform circular motion

Laws of Motion

Aristotle’s fallacy Law of inertia Conservation of momentum Equilibrium of a particle Friction Dynamics of circular motion Solving problems in mechanics

Work, Energy and Power

Scalar product Work-energy theorem Work Kinetic energy Work done by a variable force Work-energy theorem (variable force) Potential energy Conservation of mechanical energy Potential energy of a spring Power Collisions

Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion

Rigid body motion Centre of mass Motion of the centre of mass Momentum of a system Vector product Angular velocity Torque and angular momentum Equilibrium of a rigid body Experiment: mass with a metre scale Moment of inertia Parallel and perpendicular axes Rotational kinematics Rotational dynamics Angular momentum about an axis

Gravitation

Kepler’s laws Universal law of gravitation Gravitational constant Acceleration due to gravity Variation of g Gravitational potential energy Escape speed Earth satellites Energy of an orbiting satellite

Mechanical Properties of Solids

Elasticity and plasticity Stress and strain Hooke’s law Stress-strain curve Elastic moduli Experiment: Young’s modulus of a wire Applications of elastic behaviour

Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Pressure in fluids Streamline and turbulent flow Bernoulli’s principle Viscosity Experiment: viscosity from terminal velocity Surface tension