Change log: page 7
New topics, content updates, published corrections, syllabus checks and new versions of the privacy policy and terms, newest first. Typo fixes are not listed: they do not change what a page teaches.
2092 changes Latest 7 Nov 2026
Page 7 of 11 · 200 changes on this page
November 2026
37 topics updated in Physics
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Potential due to a dipole Potential due to a system of charges Equipotential surfaces Potential energy of a system of charges Potential energy in an external field Dielectrics and polarisation Capacitors and capacitance The parallel plate capacitor Effect of a dielectric on capacitance Combination of capacitors Energy stored in a capacitor
Current Electricity
Electric current Drift of electrons Resistivity of various materials Temperature dependence of resistivity Combination of resistors Cells, emf and internal resistance Cells in series and in parallel Metre bridge
Moving Charges and Magnetism
Motion in a magnetic field Force between parallel currents Experiment: galvanometer resistance
Electromagnetic Induction
Alternating Current
AC voltage applied to a resistor Series LCR circuit
Electromagnetic Waves
Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Total internal reflection Experiment: focal lengths Prism
Wave Optics
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Photoelectric effect and the wave theory
Atoms
Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
Intrinsic semiconductor Junction diode as a rectifier Zener diode Logic gates
44 topics updated in Chemistry
Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
Importance of chemistry Nature of matter Properties of matter Laws of chemical combination Dalton’s atomic theory Mole concept Stoichiometry
Structure of Atom
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Why classify elements? Genesis of periodic classification Naming elements above 100 s, p, d and f blocks
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Bond parameters Molecular orbital theory Metallic bonding
Thermodynamics
Work, enthalpy and heat capacity Combustion, bond and lattice enthalpies Enthalpy of neutralization Experiment: enthalpy of solution of copper sulphate Spontaneity, entropy and Gibbs energy
Equilibrium
Law of chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant Homogeneous equilibria Heterogeneous equilibria Applications of equilibrium constants Equilibrium constant, reaction quotient and Gibbs energy Ionic equilibrium in solution Acids, bases and salts Buffer solutions Solubility equilibria of sparingly soluble salts
Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques
General introduction to organic chemistry IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds Purification of organic compounds Qualitative analysis of organic compounds
Hydrocarbons
Classification of hydrocarbons
Electrochemistry
Electrolytic cells and electrolysis
Chemical Kinetics
Experiment: iodide and hydrogen peroxide
The p-Block Elements
The d- and f-Block Elements
Position in the periodic table Occurrence Important compounds Experiment: KMnO₄ titrations
Coordination Compounds
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Carboxyl group: names and structure
Amines
36 topics updated in Mathematics
Sets
Sets and their representations
Trigonometric Functions
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Permutations and Combinations
Binomial Theorem
Sequences and Series
Straight Lines
Forms of the equation of a line Intersection of lines and triangle centres
Conic Sections
Probability
Relations and Functions (Class 12)
Types of relations Types of functions
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Determinants
Area of a triangle Minors and cofactors Adjoint and inverse Solving linear systems
Continuity and Differentiability
Continuity Logarithmic differentiation
Application of Derivatives
Rate of change Increasing and decreasing Maxima and minima
Integrals
Substitution and identities Particular integrals Fundamental theorem
Application of Integrals
Area under curves Area between curves
Differential Equations
General and particular solutions
Vector Algebra
Three Dimensional Geometry
Direction cosines and ratios Equation of a line in space Angle between two lines
Linear Programming
Probability (Class 12)
42 topics updated in Biology
The Living World
What is living? Taxonomic categories
Biological Classification
Five kingdom classification Kingdom Monera Kingdom Protista Kingdom Animalia
Morphology of Flowering Plants
Modifications of root The stem Modifications of stem The leaf The flower The fruit Family Cruciferae Family Leguminosae Family Compositae
Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Structural Organisation in Animals
Cell: The Unit of Life
Biomolecules
Primary and secondary metabolites Biomacromolecules Nucleic acids
Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Meiosis Significance of meiosis
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
What photosynthesis needs Photosynthetic pigments Factors affecting photosynthesis
Respiration in Plants
Do plants breathe? The respiratory balance sheet Amphibolic pathway Respiratory quotient
Plant Growth and Development
Growth Development Plant growth regulators
Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Mechanism of breathing Regulation of respiration
Body Fluids and Circulation
Regulation of cardiac activity
Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Human excretory system Other organs in excretion
Locomotion and Movement
Neural Control and Coordination
Central neural system: the brain
Chemical Coordination and Integration
7 topics updated in Chemistry
Hydrocarbons
Aromatic hydrocarbons Carcinogenicity and toxicity
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Classification Nomenclature Experiment: tests for –OH groups Commercially important alcohols
15 new topics in Chemistry
Amines
Experiment: preparation of acetanilide and p-nitroacetanilide Preparation of diazonium salts Physical properties of diazonium salts Chemical reactions of diazonium salts Experiment: preparation of aniline yellow Diazonium salts in the synthesis of aromatic compounds
Biomolecules
Carbohydrates Proteins Enzymes Vitamins Nucleic acids Hormones
Practical Chemistry
Experiment: preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols Experiment: salt analysis, anions Experiment: salt analysis, cations
17 new topics in Biology
Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Mendel’s experiments Inheritance of one gene Inheritance of two genes Polygenic inheritance Pleiotropy Sex determination Mutation Genetic disorders
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
DNA: structure and packaging Search for genetic material RNA world DNA replication Transcription Genetic code Translation Regulation of gene expression Human Genome Project