Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Learn in this order

1. Electron emission and work function

   Work function, electron volt to joule, thermionic, field and photoelectric emission, with solved examples.

   NCERT Sections 11.1–11.2 12 min read 4 solved examples 7 practice questions

2. Photoelectric effect: Hertz, Hallwachs and Lenard

   Hertz’s discovery, Hallwachs’ and Lenard’s observations, photoelectrons and the threshold frequency.

   NCERT Section 11.3 10 min read 4 solved examples 7 practice questions

3. Experimental study of the photoelectric effect

   The photoelectric experiment, its four laws, Kmax = eV0 and the graphs.

   NCERT Section 11.4 12 min read 4 solved examples 7 practice questions

4. Photoelectric effect and the wave theory of light

   Why the wave theory fails to explain the threshold, a fixed Kmax and instant emission.

   NCERT Section 11.5 9 min read 4 solved examples 7 practice questions

5. Einstein’s photoelectric equation

   Kmax = hν − φ0, threshold frequency and wavelength, the V0–ν graph and solved examples.

   NCERT Section 11.6 13 min read 4 solved examples 7 practice questions

6. The photon: particle nature of light

   Particle nature of light, energy E = hν = hc/λ, momentum p = h/λ, properties, photons per second and solved examples.

   NCERT Section 11.7 11 min read 4 solved examples 7 practice questions

7. Wave nature of matter: de Broglie wavelength

   The de Broglie relation λ = h/p, λ = h/√(2mK), electrons through V volts, and why balls show no waves.

   NCERT Section 11.8 13 min read 4 solved examples 8 practice questions