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Anatomy of Flowering Plants

NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 6

Anatomy of Flowering Plants for Class 11 Biology and NEET: plant tissues, tissue systems and the anatomy of dicot and monocot roots, stems and leaves.

3 topics Updated 8 Nov 2026

For: Class 11 and NEET, unless a topic says otherwise

In the syllabus: NEET Class 11 syllabus

With your textbook

NCERT Biology (Class 11), Chapter 6 “Anatomy of Flowering Plants”, reprint 2026-27.

Open the official NCERT chapter (PDF, 1.9 MB, ncert.nic.in)

Checked on 19 Oct 2026.

Learn in this order

  1. Plant tissues

    Apical, intercalary and lateral meristems; parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma; and the elements of xylem and phloem.

    NEET only 10 min read 5 solved examples 10 practice questions

  2. Tissue systems

    Plant tissue systems for Class 11 Biology and NEET: epidermis, stomatal apparatus, root hairs and trichomes, ground tissue, and types of vascular bundles.

    NCERT Section 6.1 10 min read 5 solved examples 10 practice questions

  3. Anatomy of dicot and monocot plants

    The sections compared, dorsiventral and isobilateral leaves, and bulliform cells.

    NCERT Section 6.2 12 min read 5 solved examples 10 practice questions

Key formulas in this chapter

Plant tissues

  • meristems: apical, intercalary (length); lateral (girth)
  • simple tissues: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
  • sclerenchyma: fibres and sclereids (usually dead at maturity, thick walls)
  • xylem: tracheids, vessels, fibres, living parenchyma; some fibres also living
  • phloem: sieve tubes, companion cells, parenchyma, fibres
  • gymnosperms: no vessels (except Gnetales); sieve cells, albuminous cells

Tissue systems

  • tissue systems: epidermal, ground, vascular
  • stomatal apparatus: pore, guard cells, subsidiary cells
  • guard cells: bean-shaped; dumb-bell in grasses; inner walls thick
  • ground tissue: all except epidermis and vascular bundles
  • open bundle: cambium present (dicot stem); closed: none (monocot)
  • radial: roots; conjoint: stems and leaves

Dicot and monocot anatomy

  • dicot root: 2–4 xylem patches, exarch, small pith
  • monocot root: more than 6 (polyarch), large pith
  • dicot stem: bundles in a ring, open, endarch
  • monocot stem: scattered, closed, sheathed bundles
  • dorsiventral leaf: palisade and spongy mesophyll
  • typical isobilateral leaf: stomata both sides; bulliform cells in grasses

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