Q4. Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons. (NCERT Exercise 6)
Yes, when chosen with qualified medical advice. NCERT notes that population growth of under 2 per cent a year could lead to scarcity of food, shelter and clothing (page 43), and that the widespread use of contraceptives plays a significant role in checking it; they let couples prevent, delay or space pregnancy for personal reasons. Choice should be voluntary and informed; benefits and side effects differ by method.
Q5. True or false, with explanation: complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (NCERT Exercise 11 c)
True only when LAM criteria are met together: no return of menstruation, full/nearly full breastfeeding day and night, and an infant under six months. Breastfeeding alone does not guarantee protection, and ovulation may precede the first period.
Q6. Assertion: condoms have become more widely used in recent years. Reason: besides preventing conception, they protect the user from STIs and AIDS. Are both true, and does the reason explain the assertion?
Both are true, and NCERT gives the reason as the explanation: use of condoms has increased “due to its additional benefit of protecting the user from contracting STIs and AIDS” (page 44).
Q7. Which IUDs release a progestogen that thickens cervical mucus and thins the endometrium? Give an NCERT example.
Hormone-releasing IUDs; NCERT examples include Progestasert and LNG-20 (pages 44–45). This is a historical example list, not a current product catalogue.
Q8. Correct the statement: oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women. (NCERT Exercise 12 c)
NCERT gives no figures on rural use. It says pills are very effective, with lesser side effects, and are well accepted by the females, and that IUDs are one of the most widely accepted methods of contraception in India (NCERT page 45). A correct statement from the book: IUDs are one of the most widely accepted contraceptives in India.
Q9. Correct the statement: surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation. (NCERT Exercise 12 a)
Surgical methods block gamete transport; gametes are still formed. In vasectomy a small part of the vas deferens, and in tubectomy a small part of the fallopian tube, is removed or tied up (NCERT page 46).
Q10. A mother is fully breastfeeding an eight-month-old infant and has no periods. Are all LAM criteria met?
No. The infant must be under six months, as well as full/nearly full breastfeeding and amenorrhea. Meeting only two criteria is insufficient.