Q5. From which part of the embryo does the primary root develop?
From the radicle: its direct elongation forms the primary root (NCERT page 57).
Q6. Name three plants with adventitious roots given by NCERT.
Grass, Monstera and the banyan tree (NCERT page 58).
Q7. What is the function of root hairs?
They absorb water and minerals from the soil (NCERT page 59).
Q8. Why is the region above the region of elongation called the region of maturation?
Because the cells of the elongation zone gradually differentiate and mature there (NCERT page 59).
Q9. Assertion: monocotyledonous plants have a fibrous root system. Reason: their primary root is short-lived and is replaced by many roots from the base of the stem. Are both true, and does the reason explain the assertion?
Both are true, and the reason explains the assertion (NCERT page 58).
Q10. Wheat is a grass, yet NCERT gives wheat for fibrous roots and grass for adventitious roots. Is this a contradiction?
No: fibrous is a form, adventitious an origin; fibrous roots arise from the stem base, so they are adventitious in origin (NCERT page 58; the link is beyond the NCERT text).
Q11. Which part of a flowering plant forms the shoot system?
The stem with its branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. NCERT illustrates these above ground (pages 57–58), but modified underground stems also belong to the shoot system; location alone is not the definition.
Q12. NCERT places the region of maturation “proximal to region of elongation”. What does proximal mean?
Further from the tip: NCERT Section 13.1.3 (page 168) glosses it as “just next, away from the tip” (NCERT page 59).