Q4. Why does NCERT say that macrophages act like an “HIV factory”?
Once the viral DNA is incorporated into the macrophage’s DNA, the infected macrophages continue to produce virus particles (NCERT page 140).
Q5. Name two kinds of infection that a person with AIDS suffers, though they could otherwise have been overcome.
Any two of: bacterial infections, especially by Mycobacterium; viral infections; fungal infections; and parasites such as Toxoplasma (NCERT page 140).
Q6. Which test is widely used to diagnose AIDS, and what is its full name?
ELISA, the enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (NCERT page 140).
Q7. List three steps that NCERT names for preventing the spread of HIV.
Any three of: making blood from blood banks safe from HIV; using only disposable needles and syringes in hospitals and clinics; free distribution of condoms; controlling drug abuse; advocating safe sex; promoting regular check-ups for HIV in susceptible populations (NCERT page 140).
Q8. Why does NCERT say that people with HIV/AIDS should not be isolated from family and society?
HIV/AIDS is not spread by mere touch or physical contact, only through body fluids, so isolation is not needed, and keeping people with family and society matters for their physical and psychological well-being (NCERT page 139).