Q4. Assertion: urine analysis is useful in clinical diagnosis. Reason: various conditions can affect the characteristics of urine. Are both true, and does the reason explain the assertion?
Both are true, and the reason explains the assertion: because conditions change urine, its analysis helps diagnose many metabolic disorders and kidney malfunction (NCERT page 213).
Q5. Where are the stretch receptors that start the micturition reflex?
On the walls of the urinary bladder (NCERT page 212).
Q6. How much urine does an adult human pass in a day, on average?
1 to 1.5 litres (NCERT page 213).