Q4. Assertion: the renal corpuscle lies in the cortex of the kidney. Reason: the renal corpuscle is the glomerulus together with its Bowman’s capsule. Are both true, and does the reason explain the assertion?
Both are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion: it says what the corpuscle is made of, not where it lies. NCERT places the Malpighian corpuscle, PCT and DCT in the cortex (NCERT pages 207–208).
Q5. What are the medullary pyramids, and where do they project?
The few conical masses into which the medulla is divided; they project into the calyces (NCERT page 206).
Q6. How is the vasa recta formed?
A minute vessel of the peritubular capillary network runs parallel to Henle’s loop, forming the U-shaped vasa recta (NCERT page 208).