Q5. Of bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms, in which is the female gametophyte multicellular but retained within the megasporangium?
Gymnosperms (NCERT Chapter 3, page 33).
Q6. In bryophytes, how does the sporophyte get its food?
It is not free-living but is attached to the photosynthetic gametophyte and derives nourishment from it (NCERT page 29).
Q7. How do spores form in the life cycle of a bryophyte, and what do they grow into?
Some cells of the sporophyte undergo reduction division (meiosis) to produce haploid spores, which germinate to produce the gametophyte (NCERT page 29).
Q8. Do the gametophytes of gymnosperms live independently?
No: the male and female gametophytes of gymnosperms do not have an independent free-living existence (NCERT page 33).
Q9. Which kingdom in NCERT Table 2.1 has a cellulose wall, tissue and organ organisation, and photosynthetic nutrition?
Plantae.
Q10. Assertion: absence of chlorophyll alone does not exclude a parasitic plant from Plantae. Reason: plant classification considers a set of characteristics, not photosynthesis alone. Are both true, and does the reason explain the assertion?
Both are true, and the reason explains the assertion. NCERT includes Cuscuta in Plantae despite its parasitic nutrition; Class 12 also describes its loss of chlorophyll.
Q11. What does fertilisation restore in the plant life cycle?
The diploid condition: two haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote, which grows into the sporophyte.
Q12. Into what is the main plant body of a pteridophyte differentiated?
The main plant body is a sporophyte, differentiated into true root, stem and leaves (NCERT Chapter 3, page 30).