Q5. Which characters, besides gross morphology, did biologists need to add to classification (NCERT page 10)?
Cell structure, nature of the wall, mode of nutrition, habitat, methods of reproduction and evolutionary relationships.
Q6. Which kingdom has a cell wall made of polysaccharide and amino acid, and what is its mode of nutrition?
Monera; it is autotrophic (chemosynthetic and photosynthetic) and heterotrophic (saprophytic or parasitic) (NCERT Table 2.1).
Q7. Amoeba and Paramoecium were earlier placed among animals. Where are they now, and with which earlier ‘plants’ do they share that kingdom?
In Protista, together with Chlamydomonas and Chlorella, which were earlier placed in algae within plants (NCERT page 12).
Q8. Assertion: the two kingdom classification was found inadequate. Reason: a large number of organisms did not fall into either category. Are both true, and does the reason explain the assertion?
Both are true, and the reason explains the assertion (NCERT page 10).
Q9. Which kingdom shows body organisation at the level of tissue, organ and organ system, and how does it feed?
Animalia; heterotrophic, holozoic (by ingestion), with some saprophytic forms listed in NCERT Table 2.1.
Q10. Which of the five kingdoms are eukaryotic?
All except Monera: Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
Q11. Where do viruses, viroids, prions and lichens fit in Whittaker’s five kingdoms?
NCERT notes that this account makes no mention of them (page 19). The acellular agents are not assigned to its cellular kingdoms; a lichen is an association, whose fungal and photosynthetic partners retain their own taxonomic placements, rather than a sixth kingdom.
Q12. In the three-domain system, which kingdom is divided, and into how many domains?
Kingdom Monera, into two domains; the remaining eukaryotic kingdoms form the third domain (NCERT page 11).